Chapter 2: Python Operators

 Python provides a variety of operators that allow you to perform different operations on variables and values. Here are some of the commonly used operators in Python:

1. Arithmetic Operators:

   - Addition (+): Adds two operands.
   - Subtraction (-): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand.
   - Multiplication (*): Multiplies two operands.
   - Division (/): Divides the left operand by the right operand.
   - Modulo (%): Returns the remainder of the division of the left operand by the right operand.
   - Exponentiation (**): Raises the left operand to the power of the right operand.
   - Floor Division (//): Performs integer division, discarding the decimal part.

   Example:
   ```python
   x = 10
   y = 3

   print(x + y)   # Output: 13
   print(x - y)   # Output: 7
   print(x * y)   # Output: 30
   print(x / y)   # Output: 3.3333333333333335
   print(x % y)   # Output: 1
   print(x ** y)  # Output: 1000
   print(x // y)  # Output: 3
   ```

2. Assignment Operators:

   - Assignment (=): Assigns a value to a variable.
   - Addition Assignment (+=): Adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
   - Subtraction Assignment (-=): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
   - Multiplication Assignment (*=): Multiplies the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
   - Division Assignment (/=): Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
   - Modulo Assignment (%=): Performs modulo division and assigns the remainder to the left operand.
   - Exponentiation Assignment (**=): Raises the left operand to the power of the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
   - Floor Division Assignment (//=): Performs integer division and assigns the quotient to the left operand.

   Example:
   ```python
   x = 10
   y = 3

   x += y  # Equivalent to x = x + y
   print(x)  # Output: 13

   x -= y  # Equivalent to x = x - y
   print(x)  # Output: 10

   x *= y  # Equivalent to x = x * y
   print(x)  # Output: 30

   x /= y  # Equivalent to x = x / y
   print(x)  # Output: 10.0

   x %= y  # Equivalent to x = x % y
   print(x)  # Output: 1.0

   x **= y  # Equivalent to x = x ** y
   print(x)  # Output: 1.0

   x //= y  # Equivalent to x = x // y
   print(x)  # Output: 0.0
   ```

3. Comparison Operators:

   - Equal to (==): Checks if two operands are equal.
   - Not equal to (!=): Checks if two operands are not equal.
   - Greater than (>): Checks if the left operand is greater than the right operand.
   - Less than (<): Checks if the left operand is less than the right operand.
   - Greater than or equal to (>=): Checks if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
   - Less than or equal to (<=): Checks if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.

   Example:
   ```python
   x = 10
   y = 5

   print(x == y)   # Output: False
   print(x != y)   # Output: True
   print(x > y)    # Output: True
   print(x < y)    # Output: False
   print(x >= y)   # Output: True
   print(x <= y)   # Output: False
   ```

4. Logical Operators:

   - Logical AND (and): Returns True if both operands are True, otherwise returns False.
   - Logical OR (or): Returns True if either of the operands is True, otherwise returns False.
   - Logical NOT (not): Returns the opposite of the operand's logical value.

   Example:
   ```python
   x = True
   y = False

   print(x and y)   # Output: False
   print(x or y)    # Output: True
   print(not x)     # Output: False

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